Trying to get a job on estee lauder..
& I really want to show initiative and innovative ideas to get it. It’s all to do with makeup, fragrance, how to’s, tip and tricks and deals. If you’re interested please take a look..
Please help me and follow my instagram, pweaseeee.. I’ll follow back ;)
Instagram: traffic_stopper
Flawless cast - Doctor Who
I love them all. The end.
(Source: pondderful)
If Harry Potter movies were titled by the clothes he wear…
-Harry Potter and My Hogwarts Uniform.
-Harry Potter and I defeated the Basilisk with my Hogwarts Uniform
-Harry Potter and I met my godfather with a blue shirt
-Harry Potter and The red shirt I wear all the movie
-Harry Potter and I wear that blue shirt again
-Harry Potter and I wear that blue shirt again
-Harry Potter and I changed the blue shirt for the red one
-Harry potter and I will confront my fate with my old blue shirt.
(Source: thenamelessstory)
Why do we even need to find new drugs? Aren’t they good enough already?
At the moment, they are 6000 different kinds of medicines circulating and available in the UK alone.
However new drugs are needed because:
- New diseases are emerging everyday, which we don’t even know about!
- They are diseases out there that we know about, but have not come up with any effective treatments to fight it
- Some antibiotics are even becoming less effective due to strains of certain bacteria evolving and becoming resistant, this is at it’s selective advantage. This means the next generation of that particular strain will become more resistant and the fight to cure or treat illness is getting harder everyday because of not being able to find the active ingredients we need!
How are new drugs even found? I’ve forgotten.
By accident of course…
Small EG:
Alexander Fleming (the main man of antibiotics) discovered penicillin by accident! Most present day antibiotics in use are are mad from a bacterium - Streptomyces.
Antibiotics like:
Neomycin, Chloramphenicol, and Streptomycin are made from Streptomyces.
However, Streptomycin is rarely used now because most bacteria have become resistant to it.
Traditional Medicines!!
Drugs have been used for centuries, and the World Health Organization says that around “80% of the worlds population relies on traditional medicines”.
In India: 7000 different plants are used for their medicinal properities
In China: 5000 use about plants
And in most European countries nearly all of our drugs now have originated from traditional medicine.
Anesthetics
In Neolithic times (a very long time ago) in parts of Europe and Egypt, unripe poppy sap was used as a opiate. In the 12th Century opium was used as an anesthetic and by the 19th Century they used morphine and opium consistently. These were to reduce the nervous action in the CNS. = NO PAIN
Observations in Wildlife
We look at the particular ways in which animals treat themselves in the wildlife. Unlike us they don’t have access to hospitals, bandages, injections and steriods. SO what do they do?
They self medicate by using their own environment!
e.g. bears, and monkeys using citrus oils to rub on the coats as insecticides and antiseptics from stings and bites.
THE BIG EG:
Hippocrates (a cool ancient Greek physician) used an extract of willow bark to relieve pain and fever. This same/similar technique was used in the Middle Ages in Britain.
But then…
In 1828, Johann Buchner extracted the active ingredient salicin!!
This could used to relieve pain, however had a MAJOR side effect causing stomach bleeding. :\
In 1897, a way was found to reduce the side effects by adding an ACETYL group to salicin.
Then…
In 1971, further research, with the development of technology, revealed that salicin works by “inhibiting enzymes involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins”
Prostaglandins - are a hormone like substance that play a variety of roles in a cell communication.
